Shell Tutorial For R User
$$
\newcommand{\indep}{\mathrel{\perp\mkern-10mu\perp}}
\newcommand{\P}{\mathbb{P}}
\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
\newcommand{\E}{\mathbb{E}}
\newcommand{\Var}{\operatorname{Var}}
\newcommand{\Cov}{\operatorname{Cov}}
\newcommand{\1}[1]{\mathbf{1}\\{#1\\}}
$$
Let’s go over some basic shell commends.
Get started
| Command | Description | In R |
|---|---|---|
| whoami | Who is the user? | Sys.info() / whoami::whoami() |
| date | Get date & time | Sys.date() / Sys.time() |
| cal | Display Calendar | |
| clear | Clear the screen | Ctrl + L |
whoami # who is the user
date # get data & time
cal # display canlendar
clear # clear the screen, crtl + l
Help/Documentation
| Command | Description | In R |
|---|---|---|
| whatis | Single line description of a command | ? / ?? / help() |
| man | Display manual pages for a command | ? / ?? / help() |
| help | Display manual pages for a command | ? / ?? / help() |
| /? | Display manual pages for a command | ? / ?? / help() |
man ls # help & documentation
whatis ls # single line description of a command
# help命令是bash内建命令，用于显示bash内建命令的帮助信息
Navigating file system
| Command | Description | In R |
|---|---|---|
| pwd | Print working directory | getwd() / here::here() |
| ls | List directory contents | dir() / list.files() / list.dirs() / dir_info() / fs::dir_ls() |
| cd | Change current working directory | setwd() |
| mkdir | Create directory | dir.create() / fs::dir_create() |
| rmdir | Remove/delete directory | fs::dir_delete() |
pwd # pring working directory
ls # list files & folders
mkdir test # create directory called test
change working directory
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| cd | Navigate into directory |
| cd .. | Go up one level |
| cd - | Go to previous working directory |
| cd ~ | Change directory to home directory |
| cd / | Change directory to root directory |
cd test # navigate into test directory
cd .. # go up to one level
cd - # go to previous working directory
cd ~ # change directory to home directory
cd / # change directory to root directory
rmdir test # remove empty directory, note that the folder must be empty
list the file and folders
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ls | List directory contents |
| ls -l | List files one per line |
| ls -a | List all files, including hidden files |
| ls - la | Display permission, ownership, size & modification date |
| ls -lh | Long format with size displayed in human readable units |
| ls -lS | Long format list sorted by size |
| ls -ltr | Long format list sorted by modification date |